COS’E’ IL COLLASSO, IN FIN DEI CONTI ?
The World According To Gold
James West
This past week saw the Euro edge just a little bit closer to oblivion with the petulant Greeks insinuating that they'll default if they don't get bailed out. Not that you're going to see that written anywhere, because it's a statement that simply cannot publicly be made. But reading between the lines is our particular oeuvre, and so without hesitation we thus opine.
Germany has the right idea, inclining towards allowing the Greeks to capitulate, Euro be damned. The Euro doesn't have a hope in hell of surviving if it doesn't adopt a dispassionate policy of ejecting the delinquents at the table until they learn how to behave. You can't choose your family but you certainly can your friends, and this is the distinction I think Eurozone management needs to embrace.
Basket case nations threatening the integrity of the Euro include Spain, Latvia, and some might argue even the United Kingdom. The next 12 months should be very interesting in this regard. The value of these currencies continues to decline incrementally as measured by gold, and though the U.S. dollar has demonstrated some resilience during the past week, the amount of gold that can be obtained in U.S. dollars will also continue to decline.
Listening to the doomsdayers among letter writers at the most recent Prospectors and Developers Association Convention in Toronto a couple of weeks ago, I was struck by how this perennial message of at least a decade has yet to materialize. Global Financial Armageddon (GFA) is such an impossible devolution, as the most recent financial correction has shown us. Resilience is a basic component of the system, and the swindlers and hedge fund hacks in the world couldn't pull the whole thing down if they tried.
The stored lost wealth of nations in the derivatives market will continue to be rolled over by the originators and counterparties of the top banks, and there will be no balancing of that book through the delivery of the commodities upon which bad bets have placed. The is the great hydraulic cushion of the financial system, and as such, any regulation of it will ensure these positions are never unwound.
The indifference to these bankers' shenanigans is probably nowhere more acutely felt than in Peru, who was the world's only country to add jobs and growth during 2009. Lima, the country's capital, is experiencing a residential housing boom driven by the last decade's commitment to improving transportation infrastructure, giving people the freedom to move and develop their financial enterprises. Peruvian bankers are having to buy a lot of dollars and sell soles just to keep their currency from taking off and impugning competitiveness.
The country's upcoming election should see Alan Garcia, who has managed in large part to keep his hands out of the cookie jar this time round, replaced by Dr. Luis CastaÃ’eda, the highly competent and industrious mayor of Lima since 2002. If his ability for organization and fiscal management can be scaled to fit the federal requirement, Peru could see a period of extreme prosperity and economic growth. Looking around at the other South American nations, it is conceivable that Peru could become the strongest democratic economy in South America after Brazil. Overall, but for deteriorating Venezuela, perennial basket case and hopelessly politically divided Boliva, and dysfucntional Argentina, South America is in very good shape. Once Chavez has been disposed of, the era of violent dictatorships will be about over. For a continent as rich in natural resources as South America, there could emerge a new economic super zone to rival China, and one largely insulated from the travails of the developed world, where resources are depleted and empires are in decline.
And China this past week ratcheted up the warning signals suggesting its super hot economy could go supernova. Headlines warning of crises in debt, housing and speculation were abundant in diverse mainstream news sources, and as we all know, where there's smoke there's generally fire.
This is the theme of imminent risk this week. If China were to suffer a major debt and housing market contraction like that triggered by the U.S. in 2008, the good times could temporarily end for the otherwise frothy commodities markets. A substantial Chinese stumble would most likely trigger panic asset selling and capital hoarding, plunging the world into what would in reality be the Next Leg Down in the 2008 financial crisis.
That spells trouble for individual investors, whose scale of capital destruction is generally proportional to their distance from the markets in which their invested (I mean psychological distance).
These signals from China need to be very carefully monitored, and if the risk of economic contraction or crisis is perceived to increase, a proportional controlled liquidation of assets should be converted into gold and safer bonds. Risk capital can be left working in small batches, with one eye on the news feeds and the finger on ready to pull the sell trigger.
The first casualties of a Chinese crisis will be industrial metals like copper and iron as well as commodities like dimension lumber and related products. A temporary halt to economic growth would likely result in markets reliant on trade in such materials. Chile would suffer, Peru to a lesser extent, Canada and the United States as well.
Essentially what we see developing is a "perfect storm" of potential economic news that, if they unfold simultaneously, could be enough to plunge the world economy back into recession. We watch and wait nervously.
Deja Vu All Over Again
Aubie Baltin CFA, CTA, CFP, PhD.
To begin, in order to get a clear understanding of today's true picture, we must first realize that the latest economic boom is built on a lie. Instead of a foundation of real GDP growth, it was based on a manipulated low inflation rate and tidal wave of new "out of thin air" Fiat money. That flood of cheap money did what it always does; produce a BUBBLE of risky investments and massive speculation. And as night follows day, "A house built on a weak foundation will not stand". After having just brought the world to the second worst bear market in history while almost taking down the global financial system in the process, within 2 years we have come back with another Tsunami of new money in an attempt to reverse the inevitable. The key to ask yourself, "Is there a second shoe that is about to fall and when will it fall?""There is no means of avoiding the final collapse of a boom brought about by credit expansion. The alternative is only whether the crisis should come sooner as the result of a voluntary abandonment of further credit expansion, or later as a final and total collapse of the currency system involved." ~Ludwig Von Mises
THE BIGGEST PONZI SCHEME
Has anyone bothered asking why banks that are so stuffed with money are refusing to lend? And if they are not lending, where are all profits of the "too big to fail" banks coming from, as 20 banks a month are closed or merged by the FDIC?
One reason is that the pendulum on risk management has swung to ultra - cautious levels. But the more logical reason is that they know that all their reported profits are really Phantom Profits and are only due to the accounting rule change that allows them to no longer mark their Toxic Assets to market, but to a model of their own choosing instead. Furthermore, they have stopped most foreclosure proceedings so they no longer have to realize their losses. Meanwhile, they are only able to continue to show profits because they are still on the FED'S intravenous feeding tube: Borrowing money from the FED at 1/2% and buying FHA (government guaranteed) Bonds yielding 5% that do not require any reserves to be maintained. Fantastic Deal If You Can Get It: Getting paid to be part of a government charade.
However, there is an ominous problem waiting in the wings: The days of commercial real estate refinancing are at hand. A good part of them won't qualify for refinancing or will be required to be refinanced on existing terms, irrespective of the huge decline in cash flow and value of the property - extending and pretending - some of the destroyed value will still exist at the next refinancing date. Sooner or later, all the Toxic Assets on their books will have to be realized. That is the real reason why they are not lending. They've got to hold on to every dollar they have to hopefully fill the lurking commercial and private real estate holes or else they, too, will be gone."
WILL WE EVER LEARN?
The powers that be have once again learned nothing from this near death experience because here we are again, printing money and monetizing debt like there is no day of reckoning, in another vain effort to paper over our problems and create prosperity with the printing press. It's too bad that our expert (Bernanke) on the 30's Depression seems to have only learned to repeat the exact same mistakes of the past without ever realizing that Past Is Prologue.
We have seemingly survived the credit crisis and all appears to be well in the world. However, looking through all the misinformation and propaganda, we soon discover that there is that age old cancer growing that is many times bigger than the one Greenspan created. Can you hear the rhyming? This cancer isn't going to show up in real estate or credit markets, those bubbles have already burst. This time our new BUBBLES are flaring up again in the Stock Markets and as inflation in the Commodity and PM markets, while Bank lending to small and medium sized business continues to evaporate as the real economy continues its slide into Depression.
THE BUBBLES OF 2010
Witness the strange resilience of Oil to $80+ despite a worldwide shrinkage in usage in the face of huge new energy discoveries and an unexpected strong dollar for the past 3 months. And YES, Gold is still holding over $1100. Sugar is at multi - year highs. Copper is less than 15% from all - time highs etc., etc. Stock markets all over the world instead of crashing are trying to break out to new highs. The fact that the world's stock markets are rising on ever decreasing volume doesn't mean anything. Don't bother us with the facts, Aubie; you're always being a KILL JOY. But what else should we expect? All that new "out of thin air" money has to go somewhere.
The commodity markets are now poised to unleash a massive inflationary storm. I think there's a very good chance that storm will strike this spring.
The dollar is now deep into its bubble rally and most likely putting in it's top at any time. It is only being kept afloat by all the other Fiat currency's race to the bottom. When it finally resumes its down trend, the flood gates could break and we will have to deal with the unintended consequences of our new FED Chairman's Socialistic actions.
THERE ARE NO PAINLESS LONG TERM CURES FOR INFLATION & RECESSIONS
There are no painless solutions for curing inflation, especially during an ongoing Recession. The only cure is to let the Free Market clean house and set the stage for the next boom (1866 - 1896, the 1920's and 1980's). The cure is to raise rates and drain liquidity (Reagan 1980) to induce a Recession or a short Depression, if that is what it takes. The alternative is a 20 year Depression as in the 1930's. Does anyone really believe our elected officials will choose that difficult but correct course of action, even if they knew what that action entailed?
On the other hand, doing more of the same leads to higher and higher inflation and running the presses faster and faster to stay ahead of rising prices, eventually culminating in a hyperinflationary spiral, and a loss of our reserve currency status, especially if government debt is allowed to spiral out of control, beyond the point of no return.
FROM THE FRYING PAN INTO THE FIRE
Unfortunately, I think it's probably too late to stop the storm. We have uncertainty all around us. What will our taxes look like over the next 12 months, especially when the Bush Tax Cuts expire? What about Health Care? Who would want to either expand or start a new business in the face of the tremendous "anti - business rhetoric" coming out of Washington and who will buy our bonds without a credible plan to reduce the deficit? Any plan that has Reid, Pelosi and Obama as its guarantors is by definition not credible.
History has been crystal clear - every time oil spikes 100% or more within a year's time, it has pushed our economy into a Recession, but since this time we started in Recession, the push will be into Depression now that we already have a spike from $32 to over $80. In checking my own heating bills, I noticed that they have increased 4 fold. What effect will that have on our economy, taking into account the normal lag effects of all our recent global warming?
AMERICANS AND GOLD
Meanwhile 99.99% of the American public continues to be totally deceived about the fraudulent nature of paper money, as Americans are not buying Gold or Silver in significant quantities. Less than 1% of paper money is being spent on Gold per year, despite all the ads there are for investing in GOLD - there are even more offering to buy all your scrap gold jewelry at record high prices.
- The US Official Gold reserves are thought to be 261 million oz. With Gold at about $1130/oz., that gives us only $295 billion of "backing" for the dollar. Dollars held in US banks amounts to approximately $14 trillion: $295 billion / $14,000 billion = 2.1% Gold backing for dollars in US bank accounts.
- The US Mint makes about 1 million, 1 troy oz. Gold Eagle coins per year. This is a good estimate for the amount of Gold being bought by Americans per year which, at $1130/oz. = $1.1 billion. Relate that to the $14 trillion in US Banks and that give us $1.1 billion / $14,000 billion = 0.007% being spent on domestically produced Gold per year.
On the other hand, Federal Reserve Notes have achieved 100% market penetration here in America and because of its Reserve Currency status, have also achieved maximum market penetration around the world as most Central Banks hold a major share of their reserves denominated in US dollars.
Business theory suggests that after achieving such market domination, the only way left to see much of a change is down, which is exactly what it has been doing since 1913 and especially since 1971 when Nixon closed the Gold Window.
A nation that lies about its money will lie about everything else to protect that lie.
It is very rare that the big money is made by following the herd, and the herd seems to be almost numb to everything that has just passed and completely oblivious to what's coming.
YOU PAYS YOUR MONEY AND YOU TAKES YOUR CHANCES
Is it to be business as usual, despite the government's clearly stated intentions to spend, spend, spend and tax, tax, tax, OR is there a serious currency crisis in our future as interest rates start to rise and the world wakes up to the fact that the U.S. is bankrupt.
Back as early as late 2005: As I was beginning to warn about the approaching Stock and Real Estate Bubbles, Bernanke went on record (August 2005) saying that the housing bubble was nothing to worry about. Should we trust him this time about his ability to reverse trend in the nick of time?
HAS THE MONETARY INFLATION TSUNAMI ALREADY BEEN LAUNCHED?
For at least a year, I have been warning you about how the current administration's policies will affect the economy, especially if the Government allows the Bush tax cuts to expire.
Expiring Tax Cuts (Jan. 1 2011) is the exact same thing as a Tax Increase and all the government has to do is stand around, argue and do nothing. The resulting sell - off could make the sub - prime shocker and the credit crunch look like child's play. Do you think it is wise to continue to buy paper assets until the inevitable happens?
REAL EARNINGS VERSUS ENGINEERED EARNINGS
The Bullish argument is that the S&P 500 should earn something on the order of $75 in 2010. Using a P/E multiple of between 17x and 20x, stocks still have great upside suggesting that the S&P could wind up at 1500 by year - end. That's a yearly gain of some 35% - NOT BAD.
While there are several flaws in this argument, I will restrict my analysis to the issue of the earnings and how they are calculated. Before the tech bubble forced analysts to create new ways to calculate valuations, earnings were earnings, companies followed GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) guidelines when reporting earnings. But as the great Bull Market progressed, it became impossible for companies to justify their valuations using GAAP, so they invented "operating earnings." The idea was to smooth out the earnings numbers and eliminate the impact of big, non - recurring expenses or gains. Eventually the financial engineers expanded their view of one - time items and eliminated any expenses that didn't look good.
According to Ned Davis of Ned Davis Research, operating earnings have turned into financially engineered results which utilize only the "good stuff." And in Ned's words, operating earnings wind up being whatever the company says they are - i.e. they are not actual earnings.
OPERATING VS. GAAP VS. OWENER'S EARNINGS
For 2010, operating earnings are projected to be $70.86 to $75 for the S&P 500 for the year ended 9/30. If you put a 17x multiple on that, you get 1204. And if you go with at 20x multiple, you get 1500. Thus, with the S&P 500 currently sitting at 1150, it is easy to argue that stocks have some great upside.
The problem is that according to Ned, projected GAAP earnings for the same time period are only $55.85. Thus, a 17x multiple projects the S&P to trade at 950 while a 20x multiple puts it at 1117. So, with the S&P at 1150, one could argue stocks are overvalued. However, if you throw out all the financial tricks and take the idea of earnings down to what Warren Buffett calls "owner's earnings" the picture is very different.
As a value investor, it is a safe bet that Warren Buffett knows a thing or two about earnings. And as someone who likes to keep things simple, Buffett's view of earnings boils down to cash flows that can be delivered to investors as dividends or retained by the company for future use. The problem here is that these so - called "owner's earnings," which, we will admit are also subject to interpretation, are well below both GAAP and Operating Earnings. NDR went back to 1970 and calculated the 5 - year average of all three approaches to earnings: The 5 - year average of Operating Earnings for the S&P 500 was around $84; GAAP earnings are about $57; and "Owner's Earnings" are in the vicinity of $36.
PICK YOUR POISON
I am not suggesting that "Owner's Earnings" are the best and only way to look at the market from a valuation standpoint. Should Wall Street shift back to GAAP earnings? It's your money; I am simply pointing out that you need to use a very rosy (and not terribly accurate) view of Operating Earnings in order to justify a lot of upside in the stock market. However, let's keep in mind that this type of macro thinking has little - to - no use on a short - term basis and that the market can and usually does do whatever it has to do to make the majority wrong.
HOW NOW DOW
Now that we are in a new BUBBLE, there is similar stock market behavior going on today as there was back in September - October 2007. This suggests that the third leg of this Bear Market, (the second major down - leg) may be close at hand. Now that all the averages have exceeded their January 19th highs, it could possibly serve to create THE BIGGEST BULL MARKET TRAP in history. There is nothing that can change my view that we are in both a bubble and a manipulated topping phase and that a major top is due shortly. Instead of continuing to try and guess exactly when a Bubble is about to explode, I will wait until it actually convinces me that the Ball Game is over, at which time I will send out a SPECIAL BULLETIN to subscribers only. So make sure your subscriptions have been renewed. You most definitely do not want to miss this one.
In the meantime, continue to build up your cash, buy GOLD and wait. The hardest and most important attribute to being a successful trader is PATIENCE.
GOLD
There is really not much more that I can add to what you have already read over the last few weeks or so in UCCS and on Gold - Eagle.com.
Gold and the HUI are solidly within their rising trend - channels. The Bulls are snorting and the Bears have come out of hibernation: BUY
Chinese Gold reserves are now estimated as being 33.89 million ounces - or just over 1,000 tons, making it the world's sixth largest holder of Gold after the US, Germany, the IMF, France and Italy - that is excluding their 1,100 tons held in the Gold Trust ETF (GLD). Purchases over the past six years had been made by the Chinese State Administration of Foreign Exchange (CSAF) rather than by the Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) and have now been transferred to the PBOC. This transfer is particularly important in that the Gold has been added to the monetary reserves held by the Central Bank. This indicates the extent to which Gold is being rehabilitated as a monetary reserve asset, not only by the Chinese monetary authorities, but by Central Bankers around the world and suggests that monetary authorities are looking at Gold as a monetary asset with greater interest than at any time since the 1960s. All this is not surprising given that the total amount represents a relatively cautious buying program spaced out over six years, and that the Gold was all bought from Chinese domestic refiners and did not have any impact on the international Gold Market. Recently, information received from 'numerous' Central Banks suggest that more and more of them have become interested in adding Gold to their monetary reserves. This suggests that Central Banks may become net purchasers of Gold in the years ahead, rather than net sellers as they have been since the 70's.
THE PROPOSED IMF GOLD SALE
It is either a non - event or could be the trigger setting off a big rally in Gold, as has always occurred in the past (a minimum 15% explosion). India has already expressed an interest in buying, but rest assured China will NOT allow the Indian Central Bank to snatch that Gold from under their noses as they did at the IMF'S last Gold sale. Do I hear BIDDING WAR?
WHAT TO DO NOW
Continue to accumulate both Bullion and Gold and Silver stocks into weakness or on breakouts to new recovery highs. A $14 trillion injection of new money that will be increasing by a minimum of $2 trillion a year as far as the eye can see has got to go somewhere. Up until now, it has been seeping into the Stock Markets and Commodities. However, those markets are close to having run their course. My preferred bet is that we are about to see a rapid shift into precious metals. A breakout is most likely, but its timing is as impossible to predict as is the bursting of a Bubble. The really smart, big money like SOROS, PAULSON and a host of others has already started their buy programs. Follow the SMART MONEY.
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Please Note: This article is for education purposes only and is designed to help you make up your own mind, not for me to make it up for you. Only you know your own personal circumstances so only you can decide the best places to invest your money and the degree of risk that you are prepared to take. The Information and data included here has been gleaned from sources deemed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed by me. Nothing stated in here should be taken as a recommendation for you to buy or sell securities.
If You Didn't Like for the Movie You'll hate the Sequel
William Hecht
In 2006 I wrote a piece for this most august website titled "Welcome to the New Economic Order, Goodbye Pluto." The point of the piece was that in the face of the 2002 capital-spending recession we had had relied upon a very fast-acting and effective means of regenerating economic growth, namely "Wealth-Effect economic growth through asset inflation. " The idea is simple enough: you drive up asset prices by forcing people (rational economic actors are "forced" for our purposes) to invest in risky assets due to negative real interest rates. The money will stream out of savings or cash into commodities, stocks, and perhaps real estate in search of a return. These rising asset prices create wealth and the "wealth effect" changes perceptions and spending/consumption patterns in a positive way resulting in GDP growth - which complements the process. And it worked rather quickly and well for several years. That is until the wealth-effect began to operate in reverse in the face of rapid deflation as credit collapsed. That movie was Nightmare on Wall Street.
The point of this piece is merely to express my astonishment at the fact that there's a sequel being filmed right now and the working title is Nightmare on Wall Street II: Benny's Back. As I watch the markets rise on what seems a tide of liquidity, with regular new near-term highs and every selloff repelled and repulsed, I remember very distinctly the sensation that drove me to write the original article. I concluded in 2006 that the markets could continue to rise in the face of that terrific buoyancy - but not forever and not without a price. And that is exactly why I am writing this one; once the proper catalyst arrives, we will experience a more severe downturn than we did the last time. This sequel will be more horrifying than the first. The worst nightmares are about a demon that won't die and we are trying to kill this demon (the original demon - a capital-spending recession) using the same methods we did last time, but now from a severely weakened state!
Wealth Effect economic growth can work for a while, but not forever and not without a price. In this rendition of the process, we have had to print and borrow much more money to merely keep chugging along. What will end this doomed experiment? --Rising commodities or interest rates? Global conflict? Or just an earnings reality-check? How long before it starts? –You should start looking for the trailers this summer.
Copyright © 2010 William Hecht
William Hecht is an Associate Professor of Finance for Western International University.
Scottsdale, AZ USA | Email
U.S. States in Financial Meltdown
Bob Herbert
State after state in a ruinous fiscal meltdown
A story that is not getting nearly enough attention is the ruinous fiscal meltdown occurring in state after state, all across the country.
Taxes are being raised. Draconian cuts in services are being made. Public employees are being fired. The tissue-thin national economic recovery is being undermined. And in many cases, the most vulnerable populations - the sick, the elderly, the young and the poor - are getting badly hurt.
Arizona, struggling with a projected $2.6 billion budget shortfall, took the drastic step of scrapping its Children's Health Insurance Program. That left nearly 47,000 low-income children with no coverage at all. Gov. Jan Brewer is also calling for an increase in the sales tax. She said, "Arizona is navigating its way through the largest state budget deficit in its long history."
The federal government has tried to help, but much more assistance is needed.
These are especially tough times for young people. "What we're seeing now in Arizona and potentially in New Jersey and other states spells long-term trouble for the nation's children," said Dr. Irwin Redlener, a pediatrician who is president of the Children's Health Fund in New York and a professor at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health.
"We're looking at all these cuts in human services - in health care, in education, in after-school programs, in juvenile justice. This all points to a very grim future for these children who seem to be taking the brunt of this financial crisis."
Dr. Redlener issued a warning nearly a year ago about the "frightening" toll the recession was taking on children. He told me last April, "We are seeing the emergence of what amounts to a ‘recession generation.' "
The impact of the recession on everyone, of whatever age, is only made worse when states trying to balance their budgets focus too intently on cutting services as opposed to a mix of service cuts and revenue-raising measures.
As Mr. Shure of the Center on Budget noted, "The cruel irony is that in a recession like this, the people's needs go up at the same time that the states' ability to meet those needs goes down."
Budget cuts also tend to weaken rather than strengthen a state's economy, especially when they entail furloughs or layoffs. Government spending stimulates an economy in recession. And wise spending is an investment in everyone's quality of life.
All states have been rocked by the Great Recession. And most have tried to cope with a reasonable mix of budget cuts and tax increases, or other revenue-raising measures. Those that rely too heavily on cuts are making guaranteed investments in human misery.
Quest'anno, ci siamo giocati l'Amazzonia.
Pubblicato da Debora Billi alle 13:28 in Scenari
"Anche quest'anno, ci siamo giocati l'Austria" proclamava una vecchia pubblicità del WWF contro la deforestazione selvaggia.
Passano gli anni e migliorano le performances: stiamo infatti riuscendo a giocarci del tutto l'Amazzonia. Uno studio di un'Università spagnola ha infatti esaminato attentamente le 52 concessioni garantite dal governo peruviano a vari Paesi del mondo, dal Vietnam al Brasile, per lo sviluppo dell'industria petrolifera, del gas e mineraria nell'Amazzonia peruviana. Il risultato, sbalorditivo, è che tali concessioni coprono ben il 41 per cento dell'intero territorio delle foreste.
Inoltre, viene coperta anche oltre la metà dei territori indigeni: l'anno scorso ci fu un vero massacro ad opera delle forze governative contro gli indigeni che protestavano per proteggere la loro selva. La loro, e la nostra, è il caso di ricordare...
Perché la maggioranza degli americani è contraria alla riforma sanitaria di Obama
24 marzo 2010 (MoviSol) - Nonostante le grandi aspettative di un anno fa, la maggioranza degli americani aborre la riforma sanitaria approvata dalla Camera il 21 marzo, anche se con motivazioni diverse. I democratici hanno dovuto rinunciare alla propria intenzione di evitare che la Camera votasse la legge approvata dal Senato, e invece di "ritenerla" approvata, dopo un'ondata di proteste per l'anticostituzionalità di una simile mossa.
Contrariamente alle molte menzogne circolate nelle ultime settimane, mentre l'amministrazione Obama cercava di comprare il sostegno dei congressisti, al punto che Obama ha annullato il viaggio in Asia per continuare ad esercitare pressioni, questo disegno di legge costituisce un vile tentativo di introdurre nel diritto americano la filosofia nazista delle "bocche inutili da sfamare". Consideriamo i seguenti fondamenti del ddl:
- Il vero obiettivo della legge, come hanno espresso il Presidente, il suo direttore del bilancio Peter Orszag, il consigliere speciale di questi Ezekiel Emanuel ed altri, è di ridurre la spesa sanitaria che, stando alle menzogne dell'amministrazione, sarebbe la principale causa dei problemi fiscali negli Stati Uniti, mentre si continua a regalare trilioni di dollari al settore finanziario.
- La portata dei tagli chiesti dagli esponenti della Casa Bianca citati arriva al 30% della spesa sanitaria per gli anziani ed i disabili, spese che ritengono superflue. Il ddl prevede tagli di 500 miliardi di dollari dai pagamenti Medicare agli ospedali, alle case di riposo ed altri fornitori di servizi.
- I mezzi per stabilire quali spese sanitarie siano "inutili" vengono indicati nel ddl, ed includono strumenti di taglio al bilancio quali la Ricerca sull'Efficacia Comparativa. La filosofia sottostante a tale ricerca è identica al punto di vista dei nazisti, secondo cui alcune vite "non meritano di essere vissute" perché i costi delle cure o anche del solo sostentamento sarebbero troppo alti.
- Un altro strumento per stabilire quali cure consentire e quali negare è la creazione di una Commissione Indipendente per il Medicare, una giuria di esperti simile a quella creata da Hitler e nota come Tiergarten 4, che deciderà quale assistenza sanitaria pagare e quale no. Gli esperti, nominati dal Presidente, usurperebbero i poteri che finora spettavano al Congresso. Un esempio sinistro della direzione in cui vanno i tagli è la decisione della Preventive Services Taskforce che recentemente ha raccomandato una drastica riduzione delle mammografie.
- I bersagli principali dei tagli alla sanità sono gli anziani e i malati gravi. Il Presidente Obama stesso ha espresso la filosofia di base dichiarando che non è sicuro che sia stato giusto da parte di Medicare pagare l'anca artificiale di sua nonna.
- Lungi dal ridurre il settore privato, il piano Obama rafforza il potere delle HMO e delle compagnie farmaceutiche sulla sanità, garantendo loro profitti e potere.
Un foriero di morte è il fatto che nello stato di Washington la Walgreens, una grossa catena di farmacie, ha deciso di respingere tutti i nuovi pazienti per via "della continua riduzione dei rimborsi" dei farmaci di marca (rispetto ai generici). In febbraio anche la catena Bartell Drugs ha smesso di accettare nuovi pazienti. Tutto questo rafforza il fermento da sciopero di massa negli Stati Uniti, e sono sempre più gli americani che si sentono traditi dal proprio parlamentare eletto. Un sondaggio pubblicato dal Wall Street Journal/NBC News il 17 marzo ha rilevato che la percentuale di approvazione per il Congresso è scesa al 17%!
Fondo Monetario Internazionale vs Washington Consensus?
Le istituzioni internazionali nate subito dopo la seconda guerra mondiale con gli accordi di Bretton Woods, dal Fondo Monetario Internazionale, alla Banca Mondiale, all’Organizzazione Mondiale per il Commercio, negli ultimi anni hanno teso a confrontarsi con difficoltà crescenti, che vanno dalla contestazione delle regole neoliberiste spinte del Washington Consensus - incarnato pienamente da tali organismi - sino alla concorrenza da parte di organismi finanziari alternativi, in particolare per quanto riguarda la Banca Mondiale.
Difficoltà che sono arrivate sino a mettere in discussione la loro stessa sopravvivenza. La crisi in atto ha accentuato alcuni di tali problemi, anche se il Fondo Monetario Internazionale ha per la verità visto il suo ruolo e le sue risorse incrementati di recente dal G-20; il Fondo sembra oggi, per alcuni aspetti, la parte meno caduca della costruzione di Bretton Woods. Più in generale, le novità che nelle ultime settimane ruotano intorno a tale ultimo organismo sembrano numerose, sia in positivo che in negativo.
Intanto, dopo che un cittadino dello stesso paese è diventato da qualche mese capo economista della Banca Mondiale, un importante esperto cinese è stato nominato come consulente speciale del Fondo; questa misura, peraltro, va incontro soltanto in minima parte alle richieste che vengono da tempo dai paesi emergenti per una forte crescita del loro ruolo all’interno di tale organismo, come degli altri sopra citati e sembra quasi avere il tono di una beffa, a meno che essa non preluda a decisioni molto più significative sul tema. Si pone da molto tempo la questione delle quote di partecipazione dei vari paesi a tali organismi e quella del dominio esercitato su di essi dagli Stati Uniti e in via ancillare dai paesi europei.
Nel frattempo, si fanno più concrete, anche se esse appaiono ancora un po’ remote, le minacce dello sviluppo di organismi che potrebbero fare concorrenza al Fondo. Così, alla fine del 2009 i paesi membri dell’Asean, insieme a Cina, Giappone, Corea del Sud, hanno creato in comune un fondo di stabilizzazione monetaria per difendere l’area dalle difficoltà della bilancia dei pagamenti e dai problemi di liquidità dei vari stati. Il fondo parte con una dotazione di 120 miliardi di dollari. Si tratta di un’iniziativa certamente e per il momento dai contorni relativamente limitati e varata su basi sostanzialmente sperimentali, ma per molti essa potrebbe con il tempo diventare un vero e proprio fondo monetario asiatico, come titola in proposito ad esempio un giornale cinese.
Nelle ultime settimane, le difficoltà della Grecia hanno poi messo in luce le debolezze della costruzione monetaria europea, per come almeno essa funziona attualmente. Ecco che da qualche parte, in particolare su suggerimento dei politici tedeschi, si affaccia seriamente la proposta della creazione di un fondo monetario europeo, il cui progetto dovrebbe essere preparato per il mese di giugno del 2010 dalla Commissione. Si tratterebbe di uno dei diversi passi necessari per porre su fondamenta adeguate la costruzione monetaria comune. La eventuale messa in opera di tale organismo richiederebbe peraltro del tempo, tempo che sarebbe necessario soprattutto per appianare i numerosi e rilevanti ostacoli politici –la Francia appare palesemente a disagio verso la proposta- e tecnici che si frappongono al progetto. Iniziative non molto differenti stanno intento probabilmente maturando in America Latina.
Resterebbero da definire poi i collegamenti operativi e strategici tra tali iniziative e lo stesso FMI; tutti si affannano a dire che i rapporti sarebbero ovviamente di fruttuosa collaborazione, ma il quadro si presenta come perlomeno confuso ed incerto su tale fronte. Ma un evento più ravvicinato e significativo segna in queste settimane il percorso del Fondo.
Alcuni studi pubblicati da poche settimane da esperti dello stesso Fondo Monetario e che hanno avuto una forte eco nella stampa internazionale specializzata mettono in discussione in maniera decisa due dei pilastri “ideologici” dell’operare tradizionale di tale organismo, pilastri fondamentali di quello che è stato chiamato “Washington Consensus”. Le novità appaiono per diversi aspetti clamorose. Le sintetizziamo qui di seguito.
Intanto, tradizionalmente, il Fondo Monetario era un fanatico sostenitore della piena libertà di movimento dei capitali, imponendo ai paesi in cui interveniva il rigido rispetto di tale regola, che, tra l’altro, bloccava o rendeva molto difficile ai paesi poveri di varare e portare avanti dei piani di sviluppo adeguati per le loro economie, economie che erano così soggette alla erratica volontà dei mercati finanziari; in pochi minuti i capitali arrivati in qualche modo nel paese potevano scomparire dalla vista, creando gravi ripercussioni economiche e finanziarie e costringendo così i vari stati a politiche restrittive invece che di sviluppo. Ora uno scritto firmato da sei studiosi, compreso il vice direttore della ricerca economica del Fondo, pur con molte cautele, sottolinea che i funzionari del Fondo, alla luce anche della crisi in atto, stanno riconsiderando l’opinione che i liberi movimenti dei capitali siano un fenomeno fondamentalmente positivo. Esso sottolinea che tali movimenti possono dare origine a dei danni collaterali, quali bolle di vario tipo, boom e crolli dei prezzi di azioni, obbligazioni, attività immobiliari, materie prime. Lo scritto apre inoltre alla possibilità da parte degli stati nazionali di imporre dei controlli nei movimenti dei capitali, sia pure in certi frangenti ed a certe condizioni.
Un altro scritto, pubblicato questa volta dall’economista capo del Fondo, O. Blanchard, rompe un altro e altrettanto radicato tabù fondamentalista, quello relativo all’inflazione. E’ noto che le banche centrali hanno al centro dei loro obiettivi di lavoro il controllo della stabilità monetaria e dei livelli di inflazione. Un dogma consolidato, anch’esso sostenuto fortemente in passato dal Fondo, era quello che l’inflazione di un paese non dovesse superare il 2% annuo. Ovviamente una soglia di questo tipo, tra l’altro, frenava fortemente gli aumenti salariali, ma più in generale anche forti politiche di sviluppo da parte dei vari governi. Lo scritto afferma tra l’altro che, durante la crisi, più alti livelli di inflazione avrebbero permesso di ridurre la caduta della produzione e della domanda e il deterioramento dei bilanci pubblici; esso suggerisce a questo punto che il livello di inflazione accettabile può raggiungere anche la soglia del 4%, suggerimento che, di nuovo, apre la via a nuove politiche da parte dei governi.
Le banche centrali, peraltro, non hanno in generale gradito molto il suggerimento del fondo; esse, come ad esempio commenta l’Economist del 18 febbraio 2010, hanno passato gli ultimi venti anni a convincere l’opinione pubblica che la politica del 2% era la migliore possibile; anche la Germania si è voltata di traverso.
Attendiamo ora la caduta degli altri tabù in atto, in particolare quello sulla riduzione dell’intervento dello stato nell’economia, quello sul taglio dei bilanci pubblici e quello sull’obbligatorietà delle privatizzazioni. Ma ne abbiamo certamente dimenticato qualcuno. Siamo fiduciosi.
L'uomo più intelligente del mondo rifiuta il denaro
Black Box Economics (BBE)
di Tonguessy
Cos'è una scatola nera (Black Box)? E' un aggeggio misterioso che contiene dei dati importanti solo per chi sa decifrarli, mentre per chiunque altro rimane solo una scatola nera. Negli aerei la Black Box trascrive tutti i parametri di volo e risulta essenziale per comprendere le cause di un disastro, ad esempio. La condizione rimane di saperne decifrare i contenuti.
La Black Box Economics (BBE) non differisce molto da qualsiasi altra Black Box. Si tratta di una serie di meccanismi che registrano eventi ma che ha subìto un sostanziale “miglioramento”: oltre a registrare modifica pure. La BBE è interattiva. Come certe strumentazioni ad uso scientifico non solo è programmata per registrare gli avvenimenti che superino una certa soglia ma decide cosa fare “on the fly” ovvero mentre l'avvenimento stesso è ancora in corso.
Uno degli aspetti più “semplici” della BBE è l'High Frequency Trading (HFT), ovvero la contrattazione dei titoli sul filo dei millisecondi. Ad esempio sembra che la Goldman Sachs sia risorta dalle proprie ceneri proprio grazie alle transazioni superveloci, che hanno fatto incassare guadagni stratosferici alla società. Ci sono state, è vero, accuse contro un programmatore della Goldman Sachs di avere rubato i codici di alcuni computer di Wall Street, ma anche senza questi sotterfugi oltre il limite del legale è ormai tutta la contrattazione borsistica che sta assumendo connotati sempre meno umani e sempre più da cyberspazio. Lo stato attuale è che una manciata di High Frequency Traders (HFT) muove capitali per quasi la metà degli scambi. I loro computer entrano in borsa, muovono grossi capitali in una manciata di secondi e spariscono. Si parla di 21 miliardi di dollari guadagnati lo scorso anno.[1]
Sono 41,8 miliardi di dollari investiti in HFT e si stima che gli investimenti continueranno a un tasso medio del 9,8% l'anno.
Purtroppo mentre gli scambi in HFT aumentano vertiginosamente, la verifica dei dati passa tragicamente in secondo piano. Ian Berriman, addetto ai sistemi finanziari per Pa Consulting Group sottolinea che «sarebbe auspicabile un controllo umano all'interno del processo innescato dagli algoritmi, ma non è praticabile. Le Borse cercano di aumentare la velocità di esecuzione e ridurre la latenza per mantenere la loro posizione, ma non hanno investito allo stesso modo nei meccanismi di controllo per intervenire prima che gli algoritmi vadano fuori controllo.”
«In certi casi l'innovazione porta a un'automazione incontrollata», rincara la dose Andrew White, capo del risk management di Reuters. [2]
Questo significa una cosa sola: che alla speculazione non interessa la solidità dei mercati da cui pure dipendono. Chi fa funzionare quei computer ha un solo scopo: garantire sempre maggiori guadagni fregandosene del buon senso secondo cui la crescita infinita non può esistere.
Diane Coyle, economista inglese, afferma che “dove buon senso ed economia entrano in collisione, lì il buon senso ha torto”. Sigh….
Intanto l'algo-trading (sinonimo di HFT) oggi regola già il 40% degli scambi borsistici USA, con Londra che segue a ruota ed i mercati asiatici che stanno convertendosi a ritmi infernali.
Uno dei rischi è che ci siano massicce vendite sequenziali, tutte eseguite in frazioni di secondo tramite HFT. Sarebbe il crollo dei mercati, e nessuno potrebbe fermarlo perchè avverrebbe in tempi troppo brevi per effettuare una qualsiasi contromisura (che come abbiamo visto sono comunque considerate poco importanti).
Ma la supervelocità è solo un aspetto della BBE. Probabilmente l'aspetto più sconcertante è l'innesto di vari strumenti finanziari al punto che non si capisce più cosa sia cosa. Differentemente dai mattoni costituenti l'economia tradizionale (fabbriche, lavoratori, salari, azioni, società etc..) la nuova finanza ha risorse e metodi sempre più difficili da analizzare, in apparente contraddizione con l'immenso volume di affari relativo, molto maggiore del PIL mondiale.
La rincorsa a derivati annidati a configurazione di scatole cinesi non può che lasciare controllori e legislatori senza speranza di intervento ed il sistema finanziario mondiale (grazie agli strumenti finanziari creati dagli Hedge Funds e dalle Investment Banks) è diventato così opaco e aggrovigliato che molti esperti sono costretti a confessare di non capire più come funzioni.[3]
La scala e la complessità di queste nuove strutture finanziarie non soltanto si pongono al di là delle leggi dell'economia tradizionale, ma le cambiano: dato che il capitale oggigiorno è posizionato in queste nuove strutture, gli strumenti di verifica e controllo che in altri tempi permisero di evitare seri disastri oggi potrebbero non funzionare più.
“Molta innovazione finanziaria è progettata per schivare le regole esistenti” dice Richard Sylla, professore di economia alla NYU's Stern School of Business. “Lo scopo è fare più soldi, e si possono fare più soldi se non si vincolano i capitali agli investimenti”.
Sembra una frase di Winnie, la protagonista di “Giorni felici” di Beckett.
Per esempio: alcuni strumenti finanziari sono fatti di due o più tipi di asset diversi e mettono assieme settori economici che non si muovono in sincronia. Con lo scopo di creare nuovi allettanti prodotti che attirano investitori aggressivi in cerca di alti utili, una banca può creare un CDO (Collateralized Debt Obligation) di mutui subprime assieme a dei corporate bond. Pur essendo cose diverse ma essendo legati dal valore dello strumento, nel caso in cui uno dei due avesse problemi affosserebbe anche l'altro. Una sola mela marcia e tutto il carico di mele è da buttare.
E nessuno necessariamente conosce la composizione di queste securities strutturate. Non si chiama Black Box Economics per nulla.
Ormai la macchina ha superato le capacità di interazione del macchinista: perfino gli esperti confessano di non riuscire più a seguire come la macchina stia reagendo agli stimoli del mercato borsistico. Sarebbe un po' come se voi andaste dal meccanico per fare sistemare la macchina e questo vi dicesse che le ultime autovetture sono così complicate da non capirci più nulla. Ve la tenete così com'è nella speranza che vada. Il giorno in cui si fermerà la dovrete buttare, con la piccola differenza che non ce ne sarà un'altra. Il mondo sta diventando sempre più virtuale, e lo si capisce sempre di meno. Wall Street non fa eccezione. Un solo dato tra molti che serve a far capire la dimensione del fenomeno: i derivati hanno un controvalore di circa 13 volte il PIL mondiale. Come dire che avete 100€ in tasca ma ne scommettete 1300. E se perdete?
[1]http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/24/business/24trading.html
[2] http://www.novaonline.ilsole24ore.com/converging-technologies/2008/05/01/4_C.php
[3] http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/01/27/the_black_box_economy/